Pathogenesis of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Except in very young children, the infection rarely extends across the physical barrier of the growth plate. In children younger than 1 year of age, some branches of the metaphyseal…
Septic Joint
Direct trauma to the skin overlying the bursa can seed the fluid in an inflamed, swollen bursa with bacteria. The fluid is an excellent medium for bacterial growth, and the…
Factors That Promote or Delay Bone Healing
Peptide and steroid hormones help regulate fracture healing. Growth hormone, insulin, thyroid hormone, cortisol, and gonadal steroids all have important functions throughout the process of fracture healing; each of these…
Primary Union
Clinically, fracture healing is complete when bone strength at the fracture site has been restored to normal and the marrow space is re-formed. This may occur as soon as 6…
Healing of Fracture
STAGES OF HEALING Inflammation The stage of inflammation begins at the time of injury when bleeding at the fracture site from the bone and surrounding soft tissue causes hematoma formation….
Types of Fracture
Fracture fragments can also be rotationally displaced. After fracture, the distal fragment is rotated along the long axis of the bone by muscle spasm or by the pull of gravity,…
Types of Displacement
FRACTURE SITES In the initial evaluation of any fracture, the examiner must identify the specific location of the fracture within the bone (see Plate 7-21). The different areas of bone…
Types of Joint Injury
TYPES OF JOINT INJURY A dislocation is a complete and persistent displacement of the articular surfaces of the bones that make up a joint relative to one another, with disruption…
Classification of Fracture
Proper management of all fractures and dislocations—regardless of location, extent, or severity—is based on three criteria: the integrity of the overlying skin and soft tissues (i.e., open or closed fracture),…
Healing of Excised Skin Wound
Fibroblasts begin to proliferate in the base of the wound. The fibroblastic proliferation is followed immediately by the development of new capillaries bringing nutrients and oxygen to the newly formed…
