Musculoskeletal Key

Lengthening is appropriate to consider in children 8 to 12 years of age who have a predicted leg-length discrepancy at maturity of 5 cm or more. The discrepancy in a…

The advent of improved clarity of intraoperative radiographic image intensification has facilitated the use of a closed technique, percutaneous epiphysiodesis. A very small incision is made over a Steinmann pin…

The Green and Anderson growth-remaining chart is used to estimate the effects of an epiphyseal arrest procedure on the distal femur and proximal tibia at various skeletal ages. The arithmetic…

• Congenital and developmental anomalies with terminal limb deficiencies (see Plate 3-32): hemihypertrophy or hemiatrophy, Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome, Maffucci syndrome, posterior bowing of the tibia, proximal femoral focal deficiency, congenital short…

Posteromedial bowing spontaneously and markedly corrects in the first 6 months of life, with essentially normal tibial angulation noted by the age of 2 years. Surgical deformity correction is rarely…

The etiology of CPT is unclear. Approximately 55% of affected children with anterolateral bowing subsequently develop clinical findings of neurofibromatosis, although only 6% of patients with NF1 have anterolateral tibial…

Madelung deformity is bilateral in two thirds of the patients. Rarely, a reversed Madelung deformity may occur in which the articular surface of the distal radius is angulated dorsally and…

Associated malformations are almost always present with a Sprengel deformity. These can include anomalies in the cervicothoracic vertebrae or the thoracic rib cage. The most common anomalies are absent or…

The more severe autosomal recessive form (malignant osteopetrosis, occurring in 1 in 300,000 births) is usually noted shortly after birth; death occurs in the first few years secondary to faulty…

One or more bones of the limbs may be involved, but the spine, ribs, and skull are rarely affected. When the disease occurs along the full length of a limb,…