Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 1.1 Bony geometry of the scapula and glenoid (courtesy of Lennard Funk, http://​www.​shoulderdoc.​co.​uk) The glenoid is a shallow socket that holds humeral head; its mean depth is 2.5 mm…

Fig. 12.1 Pectoralis major anatomy: cadaveric dissection Pectoralis major is a powerful adductor and internal rotator of the arm with some additional contribution to forward flexion [4, 7]. For the…

Fig. 10.1 Robinson classification of clavicle fractures The Robinson Classification system further has been used to identify risk factors for non-union ([10], Fig. 10.2). Age, sex, degree of displacement and…

Fig. 3.1 Common mechanisms of shoulder injury in rugby (courtesy of Lennard Funk, http://​www.​shoulderdoc.​co.​uk) 3.3 Clinical Evaluation 3.3.1 History/Presentations A thorough investigation of relevant history and physical examination are essential…

Fig. 5.1 The six phases of the throwing motion. Phase 1 is the wind-up phase. Phase 2 is the early cocking phase, ending with planting of the striding foot. Phase…

Fig. 7.1 (a) A large humeral head defect (Hill–Sachs lesion) is shown (G glenoid, H humeral defect). (b) A significant glenoid defect that resembles an “inverted-pear” glenoid is shown (G…