8: HIV and rheumatic diseases
HIV and Rheumatic Diseases Karen Law Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Introduction The spectrum of rheumatic diseases in HIV-infected patients continues to develop. HIV infection itself may…
3: Selected topics in systemic lupus erythematosus: B cells in lupus and lupus nephritis
Selected Topics in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: B Cells in Lupus and Lupus Nephritis Iñaki Sanz, S. Sam Lim Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Introduction B cells contribute…
4: Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome Cristina Drenkard Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Introduction Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic disorder characterized by the occurrence of venous or…
Initial Evaluation and Staging of Musculoskeletal Tumors
Staging studies may be needed to determine the local extent of lesions or distant metastases and histologic diagnosis of the disease. Radionuclide bone scans are performed to assess multiple sites…
Noninvasive Coupling Methods of Electric Stimulation of Bone
Pulsed Inductive Coupling Method. In the treatment of nonunion, coils are placed around the cast on the limb and, with radiographic guidance, are centered directly over the nonunion site. An…
Electric Stimulation of Bone Growth
Another series of experiments was performed to determine if electricity could augment fracture repair in laboratory animals. The anode and cathode were placed in various configurations in relation to the…
Surgical Management of Nonunion
In the treatment of synovial pseudarthrosis, all of the synovial-like tissue is removed from between and around the nonunion fragments. If this tissue is not thoroughly removed, the synovial pseudarthrosis…
Nonunion of Fracture
The diagnosis of nonunion is made both clinically and radiographically (see Plate 9-13). On clinical examination of a nonunion, the fracture fragments are still mobile after the appropriate healing time….
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Diagnosis of CRPS is based on clinical and radiographic manifestations, but other procedures may help confirm the diagnosis. Thermography may show asymmetry of skin temperature in a stocking or glove…
Joint Stiffness
One of the best examples of this problem is a Colles fracture of the distal radius in the older patient (see Plate 9-11). Although this fracture almost always heals, adequate…
