Biomechanics of Posterior Instrumentation for Spinal Arthrodesis
Fig. 35.1 (a, b) A 28-year-old male with an unstable bursting fracture of ll. (c, d) He was treated by posterior instrumentation with pedicle screws made of titanium alloy. (e,…
Effect of Tension Stress by Surgical Lengthening of Limbs with Growth Retardation on Biomechanical and Functional Properties of Tissues
Fig. 23.1 (a) Scheme of successive stages of treatment of patients with achondroplasia. (b) Chart of the simultaneous removal of the tibia and femur Fig. 23.2 Dependence of step length…
Biotribocorrosion of Implants
Fig. 19.1 Schematic representation of a metallic surface: (a) ideal surface, (b) technical surface obtained by metal processing, (c) technical surface with oxide layer. The miscrostructure (grains) is typical for…
The Biomechanics of the Glenohumeral Articulation and Implications for Prosthetic Design
Fig. 31.1 The force from deltoid contraction (gray) acts some distance from the center of glenohumeral rotation and therefore acts both to rotate the joint and to translate this superiorly…
Biomechanics of the Spine During Growth
Fig. 22.1 Growing cartilage of a vertebra. (a) Vertebral plateau. (b) Bipolar cartilage = neurocenral cartilage. (c) Posterior elements apophyseal cartilage. P periosteum, R ring apophysis Vertebral Growth Plates Each vertebra has…
Pedicle Screw Fixation in Thoracic or Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Fig. 33.1 (a) Transverse pedicle diameters. (b) Superoinferior pedicle diameters. (c) Anteroposterior pedicle angles. (d) Horizontal pedicle angles In children, the pedicles are smaller, but their relative dimensions and orientations…
Biomechanics of Pediatric Hip
Postoperative (weeks) Condylen-upracondylen Distal third of femoral shaft Proximal third of femoral shaft Subtrochanter Femoral neck-femoral head 1–3 → → → → 4 ↑ → → → 6 ↑ →…
Bioceramics
Weight % SiO2+M20 (M20:Na20,K20 etc) 0.1 Fe203 0.1 Al203 0.5 Y203 4.8 ± 0.7 Zro2 Remainder Fig. 3.1 (a) A zirconia made femoral head with an outer diameter of…
Alumina Composite: The Present Generation of Load Bearing Ceramics in Orthopedics
ISO Standard ISO 6474-1 ISO 13 356 ISO 6474-2 Material Unit Pure alumina Zirconia Alumina zirconia type X Average bulk density ≥3.94 g/cm3 ≥6.00 g/cm3 ≥99 % Chemical composition wt…
Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Assessment of Knee Ligament Ruptures
Fig. 39.1 Different variations of the Cleveland Clinic and Helen Hayes methods (From Manal et al. [15], with permission) Manal et al. [15] evaluated the accuracy of 6 variations of…
