Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 6.1 Anatomy of vertebral body showing location of pars interarticularis. Reprinted from D’Hemecourt [11] Fig. 6.2 Fracture of pars interarticularis in spondylolysis. Reprinted from D’Hemecourt [11] The defect can either be…

Fig. 10.1 “Pagoda roof” of L5 spinous process with transverse processes and facet joints on either side of the spine Similarly, the dancer with interspinous ligament sprain or interspinous bursitis may…

Fig. 8.1 MRI showing torn ACL. Anterior translation of the tibia creates the “question mark sign” in the PCL that is now under less tension Rehabilitation can take more than a…

Fig. 13.1 Where the joy of dance and play intermingle. Photo by Igor Burlak, Courtesy of Boston Ballet School Here I would like to emphasize that it is up to the…

Fig. 2.1 Leg length measurement. Photograph courtesy of James Koepfler Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Joint hypermobility is a condition in which most of the synovial joints move beyond the “normal” limits. It…

Fig. 4.1 Demi-plié in first position demonstrating challenges to proper alignment. a Knee slightly forward of foot in lieu of optimal position with knee centered over second toe. b Further compensation…

Fig. 9.1 Normal apophysis (more parallel to the shaft) is shown along with an avulsion fracture, which is more transverse at the base of the fifth metatarsal in a skeletally immature…

Fig. 11.1 Factors that influence bone health Growth, and subsequently maturation, can be seen in three subtly connected phases: infancy, childhood, and puberty [9]. While all three are equally important, dance…

Fig. 3.1 Examples of Beighton test measures. a Positive Beighton forward bend. b Positive Beighton thumb to forearm. Photographs courtesy of James Koepfler Hypermobile dancers must be educated on the need…