Musculoskeletal Key

Grade 0 No signs of OA Grade 1 Mild OA: Increased sclerosis, minimal joint space narrowing, no or minimal loss of head sphericity Grade 2 Moderate OA: Small cysts, moderate…

Fig. 7.1 All the long bones in the body are formed by enchondral ossification, where a bone collar is formed around a hyaline cartilage model and a primary ossification centre…

Fig. 10.1 Intraoperative view of the traditional positioning and incision for open surgical dislocation of the hip Fig. 10.2 Intraoperative view of the same patient (in Fig. 10.1) illustrating the…

Fig. 12.1 Portal positioning for labral repair Accurate portal placement is essential for optimal visualization and enabling of accurate anchor placement. The tip of the greater trochanter and the soft…

Fig. 17.1 Post operative heterotopic ossification on plain films To prevent HO, instrument exchange should always be performed with a cannula left in place during hip arthroscopy; this reduces muscle…

Author Date Learning curve Way of measuring learning curve # of cases Types of cases Surgeon’s experience Boden et al. 2014 First 20 vs. 21–120 Non-arthritic hip score 120 Hip…

Condition Pathology Recommended imaging/investigations Surgical treatment options Athletic pubalgia Complex injury of the flexion/adduction apparatus of the lower abdomen and hip 1. Plain radiograph 2. MRI 3. Ultrasound-guided diagnostic injection…

Fig. 5.1 Clock face representation of acetabulum Pincer-type deformity is due to a deep socket and overcoverage of the femoral head by the acetabular rim. During flexion, the labrum is…

Fig. 4.1 AP view Recently, Pullen et al. [16] have shown variability in supine versus weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs in their study of non-arthritic hips in adults with hip…

Fig. 3.1 Trendelenburg sign test Thus far, the examination is similar to that of a standard hip examination. Prior to asking the patient to sit, it may be worth testing…