Blood Hypertension
SBPa DBPb Office or clinic 140 90 24-h 125–130 80 Day 130–135 85 Night 120 70 Home 130–135 85 a SBP systolic blood pressure b DBP diastolic blood pressure…
Impact of Aging on Rotator Cuff Tear Size
Mean age (SD)a Gender N subjects older than 60b M F Small tear patients (N = 130) 53.8 (8.4) 72 58 20 (15.38) Large tear patients (N = 312)…
Frontmatter
Rotator cuff tear has a multifactorial etiology. Age [1–3], altered biology [4, 5], tendon hypovascularity [6–9], smoking habit [10, 11], and tendon overload-overuse [12, 13] are generally believed to be…
Shoulder Radiology
Fig. 3.1 Anteroposterior shoulder radiograph. While achieving anteroposterior shoulder X-ray in neutral position, the patient is erect or in supine position. Central X-ray should be directed to 2.5 cm inferior…
Operation Room Setup and Patient Positioning
Fig. 6.1 Standard operating room 6.1.2 Patient Table and Apparatus The patient table should be located in the centre of the operating room and immediately below the room lighting system….
Physical Examination
Fig. 4.1 Neer’s impingement 4.2 Hawkins-Kennedy Impingement Test This test is used to evaluate impingement of the subacromial bursa and rotator cuff. The test can be applied with the patient…
Functional Anatomy of Shoulder
Fig. 1.1 Superficial muscles around the shoulder joint In the right shoulder region, the skin and superficial fascial structures have been removed to present a wide view of the muscles…
Arthroscopic Anatomy of Shoulder
Fig. 2.1 (a) Arthroscopic evaluation with the posterior portal (b) Glenoid, labrum and humeral head By turning the camera viewing angle to the glenoid, it is attempted to understand whether…
Shoulder Arthroscopy Portals
Fig. 7.1 Bony landmarks. (a) First the spina scapula, and the posterolateral and anterolateral corners of the acromion are identified. (b) In order, the spina scapula, acromion posterolateral corner, the…
Arthroscopic Knot-Tying Techniques
Fig. 5.1 Post limb (black thread) and loop limb (red thread) Interference: The relationship between the loops of the knot and the loops of the post limb. This is a…
