Fig. 15.1 Predicted probabilities and 95 % confidence intervals for internal disk disruption (IDD), facet joint pain (FJP), sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP), and other sources of low back pain (LBP)…
Fig. 13.1 This is a typical graph seen in cost-effectiveness analysis literature comparing incremental costs versus incremental QALYs. The x-axis represents the health benefit in terms of QALYs. The y-axis…
Fig. 54.1 Anatomy of medical research Levels of evidence are defined by the study design and execution, and designs have been variously graded by their potential to eliminate bias [10,…
Fig. 27.1 Steps for an open right L4–L5 TLIF. (a) Exposure of the lamina and articular and transverse processes. (b) Osteotomy at the level of the right L4 pars interarticularis….
Recommendation 1 Do not operate in case of isolated low back pain 2 Do not operate with short existence of leg pain (<6 weeks), but also do not wait…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016João Luiz Pinheiro-Franco, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Edward C. Benzel and H. Michael Mayer (eds.)Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease10.1007/978-3-662-47756-4_55 55. Lessons from a Life: The Journey of Spinal Neurosurgery in the United…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016João Luiz Pinheiro-Franco, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Edward C. Benzel and H. Michael Mayer (eds.)Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease10.1007/978-3-662-47756-4_52 52. Lessons from 35 Years in the Trenches Edward C. Benzel1 , Kene Ugokwe2 and Nina Z. Moore3 (1)…
10. Bouillet R. Treatment of sciatica. A comparative survey of complications of surgical treatment and nucleolysis with chymopapain. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1990;251:144–51. 11. Onik G. Percutaneous lumbar diskectomy using…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016João Luiz Pinheiro-Franco, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Edward C. Benzel and H. Michael Mayer (eds.)Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease10.1007/978-3-662-47756-4_50 50. Rational Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Spinal Pain Donlin M. Long1 (1)…
3. Boden SD, Schimandle JH, Hutton WC, Chen MI. Volvo award in basic sciences. The use of an osteoinductive growth factor for lumbar spinal fusion. Part I: biology of spinal…
