Fig. 37.1 Photograph of equipment used for MIS procedures. Shown are a series of dilator tubes, used for the muscular dissection over a K wire, and the 18 mm retractor…
Fig. 36.1 Minimally invasive approach. The skin incisions are marked lateral to the projections of the pedicle entry points (a). Opening of the thoracolumbar fascia (b) and muscle-splitting approach (c)…
Fig. 41.1 PDN Ray gave his prosthetic disk nucleus a scientific background. To date, the most often used nucleus replacement is the PDN and PDN-SOLO (Raymedica, Bloomington, USA). The PDN…
Fig. 3.1 (Upper): oblique diagram of an intervertebral disk. The nucleus behaves like a pressurised fluid and is restrained by tensile stresses (T) in the surrounding annulus. Compressive loading (C)…
Fig. 6.1 Basic approaches to genetic studies of complex diseases 6.2 Basic Concept of Genetics 6.2.1 Structure and Function of Genes and Chromosomes The gene is the basic unit of…
Fig. 46.1 PA view of patient with degenerative scoliosis showing severe spondylitic changes from L1 to the sacrum with L2–L3 and L3–L4 being the worst. There is significant lateral listhesis…
Fig. 44.1 First-generation Wallis device Fig. 44.2 Wallis implant Fig. 44.3 UniWallis implant Our indications for our system have evolved over the years. The current principal indications and contraindications of…
Mean age 55 ± 10 year Sex Female n = 16 Male n = 12 Spondylolisthesis Isthmic n = 15 Degenerative n = 13 Meyerding Grade 0 n = 3 Grade I n = 16 Grade II n = 9 TLIF segments L3/4 n = 3 L4/5 n = 12…
Fig. 28.1 Posteroanterior (a) and lateral (b) radiographs demonstrating L5–S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion with titanium lordotic cage A retrospective study of patients undergoing stand-alone ALIF for degenerative disk disease…
Fig. 22.1 Annular fibers are oriented in a 30° orientation with the endplate (a). This permits a significant torsion prevention potential (arrows) (b). In fact, they are more optimally oriented…
