A Historical Overview of Sciatica
Fig. 2.1 Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564). This portrait is from his book De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, or on the fabric of the human body (Basel: Johannes Oporinus; June 1543),…
Instrumented PLIF in Lumbar Degenerative Spine: Principles, Indications, Technical Aspects, Results, Complications and Pitfalls
Fig. 31.1 Surgical indications of fusion in lumbar stenosis Sagittal orientation of the facet joints Total facetectomy Lumbar stenosis associated with lumbar previous idiopathic scoliotic deformity Degenerative scoliosis Intracanal synovial…
Lumbar Disk Revision Surgery
Fig. 19.1 Sagittal lumbar spine MR T2-weighted image depicts a cranially sequestered recurrent disk herniation Fig. 19.2 The disk material does not show an enhancement of contrast media and is…
History of Lumbar Endoscopic Spinal Surgery and the Intradiskal Therapies
Fig. 53.1 Posterolateral percutaneous diskectomy The concept of posterolateral percutaneous diskectomy was firstly introduced in 1973. Parvis Kambin conducted percutaneous indirect spinal canal decompression by nucleotomy using Craig’s cannula in…
Degenerative Marrow Changes: Natural History Biomechanics in Relation to Symptoms
Fig. 10.1 Degenerative type I marrow changes: sagittal midline T1 (a) and T2 (b) spin-echo images of the lumbar spine. There is decreased signal intensity of the inferior aspect of…
Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Fig. 30.1 (a) A 4-cm skin incision (solid arrow) is made in the lateral abdominal region along the fibers of the external oblique muscle. The level of the L4–L5 disk…
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Disk Herniation Surgery with Tubular Retractors: Indications and Technical Aspects
Fig. 35.1 Right-sided paramedian L5–S1 disk herniation with nerve compression amenable to tubular diskectomy (a, b). (c, d) Demonstrate a foraminal herniation that can be addressed through the far lateral…
Interbody Fusion Through the Transpsoas Approach
Fig. 29.1 Illustration demonstrating the trajectory of transpsoas approach (Image reproduced with permission from Medtronic, Inc: Medtronic Sofamor Danek; 2004. This spinal system incorporates technology developed by Gary K. Michelson,…
The Decision to Operate: Advanced Concepts
Fig. 20.1 Lateral radiograph demonstrating defect of the pars interarticularis (arrow) (spondylolysis) Fig. 20.2 Lateral radiograph demonstrating a degenerative spondylolisthesis Fig. 20.3 Flexion-extension lateral radiographs in a patient with chronic…
Techniques for the Osteoporotic Spine That Needs Fusion
Fig. 26.1 A 84-year-old obese female in good health. Spontaneous fracture of the L5 vertebra occurred with simply sitting. The patient noted acute onset of bilateral leg pain when sitting…
