Elbow, Wrist, and Hand
3 ELBOW, WRIST, AND HAND Berdale Colorado INTRODUCTION Injuries of the elbow, wrist, and hand are common in the athletic population. Approximately 25% of all sports injuries involve injuries to…
Nontraumatic Knee Injuries
8 NONTRAUMATIC KNEE INJURIES Cindy Y. Lin and Kelvin T. Chew INTRODUCTION While sex differences in traumatic knee injuries are more commonly described in the literature, a subset of nontraumatic…
The Aging Athlete
17 THE AGING ATHLETE Prakash Jayabalan SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE AGING ATHLETE Currently people over age 65 account for 12% to 13% of the total population, and by 2030 it…
Concussion
15 CONCUSSION Siatta B. Dunbar and Margot Putukian INTRODUCTION Concussion is a common and important injury for a variety of sports participants at every level of play. Whether there are…
Tendinopathy
13 TENDINOPATHY Samuel K. Chu and Joseph Ihm INTRODUCTION While researchers have analyzed sex differences in detail in some musculoskeletal conditions, there are limited studies in the literature directly evaluating…
Minimally Invasive Realignment Surgery of the Charcot Foot
The aftereffects of Charcot joint disease include joint subluxation or dislocation, loss of bone quality, and osseous malalignment (FIG 1). As a result of the deformed Charcot foot position, aberrant…
Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis
Arthritis of the ankle can evolve from multiple causes, including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic conditions. As the condition progresses, it generally leads to increased pain,…
