Flexor Tendon Reconstruction
All fractures should be healed in anatomic alignment Wounds must have healed with soft, stable scars and skin cover Joint contractures have been mobilized to near normal passive ROM Tendons…
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tips on examination technique Typical findings in early CTS Typical findings in late CTS Other findings that indicate a possible alternative diagnosis Inspection Look for wasting of thenar eminence and…
Nerve Compression – Median Nerve Entrapment in the Forearm
Paresthesia Muscle weakness Direct compression Tinel ’s sign EDX MRI PS Thenar, palm, Lateral 3 digits Not generally, may involve APB, OP, FPB, FPL, FDP 2/3, PQ, FCR May…
Local Vascular Bone Graft Reconstruction
Fig. 8.1 Illustrates the dorsal wrist with potential pedicle sites and their corresponding arterial donors. 1, 2 ICSRA; 2, 3 ICSRA; 4th ECA; 5th ECA. RA radial artery, UA ulnar…
Extensor Tendon Reconstruction
Surgical options for chronic mallet deformity Principle Technique Tendon “repair” at level of DIP joint Tenodermodesis Excision of scar and re-attachment of tendon back to bone Tendon plication Tendon rebalancing…
Diagnosis of Osteochondral Lesions by MRI
Fig. 3.1 Comparison of image quality using 1.5 and 3 T MRI. Osteochondral lesion at the talar dome in both images (fat saturated intermediate-weighted fast spin echo sequence). The 3T…
Approach to Osteochondral Lesions of the Tibial Plafond
Fig. 9.1 Anteroposterior radiograph (a) and MRI (b) demonstrating an osteochondral defect in the tibial plafond (OLTP) with a large overlying periarticular cyst Diagnosis is usually made on a CT…
Diagnosis of Osteochondral Defects by Arthroscopy
Fig. 5.1 Arthroscopic stage D medial talar dome lesion in a right ankle Fig. 5.2 Arthroscopic stage F medial talar dome lesion in a right ankle Grade A: Smooth, intact…
Diagnosis of Osteochondral Defects of the Talus by Computerized Tomography (CT) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT-CT)
Fig. 4.1 Sagittal CT image (right) depicting small cystic changes in the tibial plafond (arrows). The defect is more clearly seen but overestimated on the fat-suppressed T2-weighted sagittal MR image…
Arthroscopy After Ankle Fracture
Fig. 2.1 (a) Arthroscopic view of distal tibiofibular joint in a left ankle with medial mortise widening on preoperative radiographs. (b) Widening of the syndesmosis is demonstrated when external rotation…
