Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 21.1 Pes cavus foot, cavovarus type In children, Pes Cavus is usually neuromuscular in aetiology, and half of this group has Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease [2]; other neurologic or spinal…

Fig. 36.1 Forearm bones fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation Fig. 36.2 Forearm bones fractures treated with elastic nailing Surgical intervention is aimed at reduction followed by stabilisation…

Fig. 22.1 Progression of physeal closure of the distal tibia The distal fibula epiphysis starts ossifying during the second year of life and closes 12–24 months later than the distal…

Olecranon apophysis morphology Skeletal age (Y) Girls Boys Two ossific centers 11 13 Half-moon image 11.5 13.5 Rectangular aspect 12 14 Beginning of fusion 12.5 14.5 Complete fusion 13 15…

Fig. 13.1 A drawing of a physeal sparing, combined intra-articular and extra-articular ACL reconstruction An essential component of treating an ACL injury in this population is developing a comfort in…

Fig. 12.1 Dejour classification of trochlear dysplasia. The Dejour classification: Grade A (54 %), Trochlear morphology is preserved but fairly shallow; Grade B (17 %), Flat or convex trochlea; Grade…

Fig. 5.1 Algorithm to determine the Stulberg outcomes in Perthes’ disease (Adapted from [12]) More recently, hip shape has been defined using a quantitative measure of sphericity, termed the sphericity…

Fig. 6.1 A child with SUFE. A clinical photograph of a child with SUFE, notice the short and externally rotated left leg (mimic fracture neck of femur). Patient was investigated…

Statement Grade of recommendation Not all patients with tarsal coalition will develop symptoms B A symptomatic patients do not require any treatment B Non operative treatments should be tried first…

Fig. 24.1 Typical neuromuscular curve type and options for spinal fixation. (a) C-shaped thoracolumbar curve with associated pelvic obliquity. (b) Hybrid fixation including Luque sublaminar wires and sacral alar iliac…