Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Repair: Perspective 1 Mathieu Assal Marc Merian-Genast Mark E. Easley DEFINITION Achilles tendon ruptures usually occur 3 to 4 cm above the calcaneal tuberosity. Although most injuries…
Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Repair: Perspective 2 Emilio Wagner Cristian Ortiz DEFINITION Spontaneous Achilles tendon ruptures are defined as a partial or complete loss of continuity of the distal tendinous portions…
Open Achilles Tendon Repair Sameh A. Labib DEFINITION The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the body and is the primary plantarflexor of the ankle joint.16 Sudden stretch of…
Deltoid Ligament Reconstruction Eric M. Bluman Richard J. de Asla DEFINITION Deltoid ligament deficiency is present when both the deep and superficial components of the medial collateral ligament complex of…
Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability Markus Walther DEFINITION Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle are treated conservatively with good results in most cases. However, several factors may lead to chronic ankle…
Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction Using Allograft and Interference Screw Fixation William C. McGarvey Thomas O. Clanton DEFINITION Lateral ankle sprains are the most common injury in sports, accounting for 15%…
Hamstring Autografting/Augmentation for Lateral Ankle Instability Alastair Younger Heather Barske DEFINITION Lateral ligament instability occurs in some patients after an inversion injury.38 Although an inversion injury is common, only a…
Modified Brostrom and Brostrom-Evans Procedures Paul J. Hecht Justin S. Cummins Dean C. Taylor Mark E. Easley DEFINITION Lateral ankle injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries in the…
Anatomic Repair of Lateral Ankle Instability Gregory C. Berlet B. Collier Watson Christopher F. Hyer Terrence M. Philbin DEFINITION Ankle sprains are the most common athletic-associated injury: They represent up…
Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation Markus Walther DEFINITION There are several reasons for cartilaginous defects of the ankle: Traumatic injury Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) Degenerative changes The necessity to treat a cartilage defect…
