Diagnostic Studies. The radiographic hallmark is an epiphyseal radiolucent lesion with fine punctate calcifications suggestive of a cartilaginous lesion. The tumor is usually bordered by a well-defined margin of reactive…
The initial clinical sign is a hard, painless mass fixed on the bone. Symptoms, when present, are usually due to irritation of the overlying soft tissues that may or may…
Diagnostic Studies. Periosteal chondromas appear on radiographs as a radiolucent oval or oblong defect visualized as a crater-like deformity of the periphery of the cortex. The lesion is underlined by…
Enchondromas can occur anywhere in the skeleton. In very rare cases, a benign enchondroma undergoes malignant transformation into secondary chondrosarcoma (see Plate 6-17). However, aggressive appearing lesions in the hands…
Diagnostic Studies. Plain radiographs show a relatively radiolucent, bone-forming (osteoblastic) lesion that is osteolytic and often has an aneurysmal, or blown-out, appearance. It is surrounded by a thin margin of…
Diagnostic Studies. An intense bony reaction to a small nidus is the radiographic hallmark of osteoid osteoma. Radiographs reveal an oval radiolucent nidus only 3 to 5 mm in diameter…
Central Nervous System Manifestations. CNS involvement is thought to affect 10% to 50% of patients, with a mortality rate of up to 20%. In general, CNS involvement is one of…
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Many different criteria are used for diagnosis of Behçet syndrome, but the International Study Group criteria are the most used. Recurrent oral ulcers are required along with two…
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS Multiple factors such as infection (e.g., herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and human immunodeficiency virus), immune system dysregulation, and genetics have been implicated in its pathogenesis….
Laboratory tests may show anemia, and the ESR sometimes may be elevated. ANA are present in up to 80% of patients. Creatine kinase is the most sensitive and reliable enzyme…
