Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy H. Kerr Graham Pam Thomason Tom F. Novacheck INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disability affecting children in developed countries. The prevalence is…
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Idiopathic Scoliosis Peter O. Newton Dennis R. Wenger Burt Yaszay INTRODUCTION Idiopathic scoliosis defines a potentially severe musculoskeletal disorder of unknown etiology that occurs most commonly in adolescents. In its…
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis Alexander K. Powers Lawrence G. Lenke Scott J. Luhmann DEFINITION Spondylolysis is a term used to refer to an isolated defect in the neural arch of the…
Congenital Scoliosis
Congenital Scoliosis Suken A. Shah Kit Song INTRODUCTION Congenital scoliosis is defined as a lateral deviation of the spine associated with one of a broad range of congenital vertebral malformations…
Other Neuromuscular Disorders
Other Neuromuscular Disorders George H. Thompson Frank R. Berenson Neuromuscular disorders other than cerebral palsy and myelodysplasia are less common; however, patients with these disorders do present in pediatric orthopaedic…
Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumors
Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumors Alexandre Arkader Mark C. Gebhardt John P. Dormans Pediatric bone and soft-tissue tumors are rare. Although uncommon, these tumors may impact significantly in the child’s life,…
Myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele Vineeta T. Swaroop Luciano Dias Neural tube defects result from failure of the neural tube to close during embryogenesis. Although the incidence of neural tube defects has declined in…
Musculoskeletal Infection
Musculoskeletal Infection Anthony A. Stans Musculoskeletal infection may present in a myriad of clinical situations in all regions of the musculoskeletal system. Bone and joint infection may cause rapid destruction…
The Skeletal Dysplasias
The Skeletal Dysplasias Paul D. Sponseller Michael C. Ain GENERAL PRINCIPLES Osteochondral dysplasias are rare disorders of growth and development that affect cartilage and bone. Knowledge about these dysplasias is…
