Musculoskeletal Key

Issues Unique to the Female Athlete 18.1 Exercise-Associated Amenorrhea Med Clin N Amer 1994;78:345 Cause: Multifactorial including excessive training, low body wt/low body fat, emotional stress, physical stress of training—all…

Cardiovascular Problems 17.1 Exercise-Associated Collapse (EAC)/Syncope Am Fam Phys 1999;60:2001; Phy Sportsmed 2003;31:23; Clin Auton Res 2004;14S:1-26; Phy Sportsmed 2005;33:28 Causes: Exercise (see Diff Dx). Epidem: Exertional-related syncope represents only…

Adolescent and Pediatric Problems 16.1 Spondylolysis Prim Care 2005;32:201; Ortho Clin North Am 2003;34:461; Phy Sportsmed 2001;29:27; Phy Sportsmed 1996;24:57; Clin Sports Med 1993;12:517 Cause: Fracture of pars interarticularis of…

Neurology Headaches 15.1 Benign Exertional Headache Clin Sports Med 1992;11:339 Cause: Excessive strain. Epidem: Athletes are susceptible at the same rate as the general population for headaches of all kinds…

The Foot Skin and Nails 14.1 Blisters Phy Sportsmed 2004;32:36; Curr Sports Med Rep 2002;1:319 Cause: Repeated friction on the skin surface. Epidem: Common, potentially debilitating injury; often occur early…

Ankle Injuries Acute Injuries 13.1 Lateral Ankle Sprain Clin Sports Med 1997;16:433; Phy Sportsmed 1993;21:123; Phy Sportsmed 1998; 26:29; Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:S429 Cause: Excessive, rapid ankle inversion; the…

Leg Problems 12.1 Stress Fractures Clin Sports Med 1997;l6:259; Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:S15; Clin J Sp Med 1991;1:115; Clin Sports Med 2004;23:55 Cause: Most commonly due to overuse injuries…

Knee Acute Injuries 11.1 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Sports Med 2003;33:455; Am J Knee Surg 1998;11:128 Cause: Mechanism of injury is direct blow to the lateral, medial, or anterior aspects…

Hip Pain Anterior Hip and Groin 10.1 Femoral Stress Fracture Int J Sports Med 1993;14:347; Skeletal Radiol 1986;15:133; Clin Orthop 1994;303:155 Cause: Typically follows change in training volume or intensity….

Back Problems 9.1 Mechanical Low Back Pain (LBP) Adv Stud Med 2004;4:135; Prim Care 2004;31:33; Phy Sportsmed 2001;29:38; Nejm 2001;344:363; Jama 1992;268:760; AHCPR Pub No 95-0642 Dec 1994 Cause: Repetitive…