Musculoskeletal Key

Ulnar Nerve Injury in the Throwing Athlete Jeffrey R. Dugas MD E. Lyle Cain Jr MD The overhead throwing motion generates significant forces in the shoulder and elbow articulations. These…

Lacertus Syndrome in Throwing Athletes Steve E. Jordan MD History of the Technique In 1959, George Bennett1 summarized his experiences caring for throwing athletes. The following paragraph is excerpted in…

Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Shawn W. O’Driscoll MD, PhD History of the Technique Recurrent instability of the elbow almost always occurs via a mechanism of displacement referred to as…

Arthroscopic Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis of the Elbow Champ L. Baker Jr MD History of the Technique The initial description of arthroscopic treatment of lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, appeared…

Medial and Lateral Epicondylitis: Open Treatment Usha S. Mani MD Adrienne J. Towsen MD Michael G. Ciccotti MD History of the Technique Epicondylitis is one of the most common conditions…

Rupture of the Triceps Tendon Bernard F. Morrey MD History of the Technique Rupture of the triceps tendon is rare.1,2,3 Anzel et al.4 reported that 85% of the 1,015 tendon…

Distal Biceps Tendon Injury Bernard F. Morrey MD History of the Technique The biceps muscle tendon complex may be injured at the musculotendinous junction, in continuity tear of the tendon,…

Repair of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures Augustus D. Mazzocca MD James Bicos MD Anthony A. Romeo MD Robert A. Arciero MD History of the Technique Ruptures of the distal biceps…

Valgus Extension Overload James R. Andrews MD Reneé S. Riley MD History of the Technique Bennett,1 in 1941, described elbow pathology he had noted in baseball pitchers, reporting loose bodies…

Diagnostic Arthroscopy and Loose Body Removal Glen A. McClung MD Larry D. Field MD Felix H. Savoie III MD History of the Technique In 1932 Michael Burman1 concluded that the…