Musculoskeletal Key

Chondral Injuries in the Knee F. Alan Barber MD, FACS Key Points Articular cartilage is a smooth, viscoelastic, hypocellular structure that provides a low coefficient of friction. The treatment of…

Cartilage Transplantation Alberto Gobbi MD Ramces A. Francisco MD Key Points Properties that are unique to articular cartilage enable an almost frictionless joint movement and afford protection to the underlying…

Tendon Disorders William D. Stanish MD, FRCSC, FACS Horacio Yepes MD Amro Al-Hibshi Mbchb, FRCSC Key Points Chronic tendon disorders are widely called tendinosis. Inflammatory response to trauma seems most…

Muscle Strains and Contusions Michael P. Swords DO Douglas P. Dietzel DO Key Points Muscle injuries occur in high-level athletes in active competition as well as nonathletes in the course…

Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee Dawn L. Swarm MD Robert A. Pedowitz MD, PhD Key Points Traditionally, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is divided into juvenile (open physes) and adult (closed physes)…

Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterolateral Reconstruction Gregory C. Fanelli MD Key Points The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is integral to knee joint stability and is the primary restraint to posterior…

The Meniscus Monika Volesky MD Donald H. Johnson MD, FRCS Key Points The importance of preserving the meniscus to protect the articular cartilage has been recognized over the past 2…

Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction Andrew Pickle MD Aaron Campbell MD Donald H. Johnson MD, FRCS Key Points The most common mechanism of anterior cruciate injury is a twisting or deceleration that…

Anatomic Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Steven B. Cohen MD James Starman MD Freddie H. Fu MD Key Points The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two major…

Fractures — Tibial Plateau, Distal Femur, Patella, Avulsions of the Intercondylar EminencE, Osgood-Schlatter Disease James H. Lubowitz MD Wylie S. Elson MD Dan Guttman MD Key Points Tibial Plateau Fractures…