23 Bone Flaps and Bone Transport for Lower Limb Reconstruction
Matthew Iorio, Stephen Andrew Sems, and Steven L. Moran Summary Bone defects of greater than 5 cm are best managed with vascularized bone flaps. The fibula has remained the most…
22 Procurement of Thin Flaps as Indicated in the Lower Extremity
Joon Pio Hong Summary Elevation on the superficial fascia (super-thin) is a new approach for elevating flaps. It has advantages such as providing a thin flap allowing increased versatility to…
25 Lower Limb Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Pedro C. Cavadas Summary Lower limb vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is not immunologically different from solid organ transplantation; so any recipients will require lifelong immune suppression (IS) to prevent rejection,…
26 Perioperative Care and Rehabilitation Specific to the Lower Limb
Manas Nigam, Michael V. Defazio, and Karen K. Evans Summary The lower extremity is subject to unique stresses and pathophysiologies that make reconstruction, particularly with free tissue, a challenging but…
16 Common Versatile Free Flaps for the Lower Extremity
Geoffrey G. Hallock, Waleed Gibreel, Karim Bakri, and Samir Mardini Summary Few would argue that the lower extremity might be the most difficult body region to resurface not just due…
21 Modern Concepts of Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Amputation of the Lower Extremity
Stefan Salminger, Clemens Gstoettner, Agnes Sturma, and Oskar C. Aszmann Summary Targeted muscle reinnervation offers a proven method for the treatment of amputation-related pain in lower limb amputees. It is…
24 Surgical Treatment for Lower Extremity Lymphedema
Isao Koshima, Hirofumi Imai, Shuhei Yoshida, Shogo Nagamatsu, Kazunori Yokota, Mitsunobu Harima, Shuji Yamashita, and Haruki Mizuta Summary Physiologic surgical treatment for lymphedema includes lymphovenous anastomosis, lymph node transfers, and…
19 Rationale for Lower Limb Sensate Flaps
Joon Pio Hong Summary The ideal reconstruction of sole should lead to optimal functional and aesthetic results, achieving durable coverage for weight bearing, adequate contour for footwear, protective sensation, and…
18 Diabetic Foot Reconstruction
Joon Pio Hong Summary The treatment of diabetic foot ulceration is complex with multiple considerations and unfortunately often leads to amputation. A multidisciplinary approach along with an algorithm to manage…
17 Supermicrosurgery Approach to the Lower Limb
Joon Pio Hong Summary Supermicrosurgery is manipulating vessels with diameters less than 0.8 mm. In flap surgery, this approach will allow an increase in the selection of recipient pedicles by…
