Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injuries
Introduction Sidney M. Jacoby, MD Paul A. Sibley, DO Leo T. Kroonen, MD Epidemiology Age • Acute tears are most common in the active individual during the second and third decades of life….
Superior Labral Pathology (SLAP/Long Head Biceps)
Introduction Thomas J. Gill, MD Kaitlin M. Carroll, BS Amee L. Seitz, PT, PhD, DPT, OCS Background • Superior labral tears were originally described by Andrews et al. in 1985 as lesions that involve…
Posterior Shoulder Instability
Introduction Demetris Delos, MD Travis G. Maak, MD Russell F. Warren, MD Epidemiology • Posterior shoulder instability is less frequently encountered than anterior instability, accounting for only 2% to 10% of all instability…
Biceps Tendon Disorders
Introduction Brian Armstrong, MPT Eric C. Hall, MS, ATC, CSCS Epidemiology • The proximal biceps tendon is a primary source of anterior shoulder pain. • Proximal biceps tendon injuries are more often…
Muscle Strains about the Hip and Thigh
Introduction Timothy F. Tyler, MS, PT, ATC Stephen J. Nicholas, MD Epidemiology • Ice hockey and soccer players are particularly susceptible to adductor muscle strains. • In professional ice hockey and soccer…
Ankle Sprains, Fractures, and Chondral Injuries
Introduction Annunziato Amendola, MD Sebastiano Vasta, MD Biagio Zampogna, MD Epidemiology Age • Under the age of 35 with a peak of incidence of 15 to 19 years of age. Sex • Slightly…
Achilles Tendinopathy and Rupture
The opinions herein are those of the authors and not the official policy or position of the United States Government, Department of Defense, or Department of the Navy. Introduction James…
Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries
Introduction Michael J. Battaglia, MD Epidemiology Age • 20 to 29 Gender • 68% men, 32% women Sport • In general, virtually any sport, especially those involving contact or pivoting. Football,…
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy
Introduction William G. Hamilton, MD, BSE, AAOS, AOA, FACS Marika Molnar, PT, LAc Nadia Sefcovic, DPT, COMT Epidemiology Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendinopathy (dancer’s tendinitis) is common in female ballet dancers who perform…
Plantar Fasciitis
Introduction Charles Christopher Stroud, MD Erick Fountain, MPT, OMPT Mike Pollzzie, PT, DPT, OMPT, CSCS Epidemiology • Ten percent of the US population presents with heel pain at some point in their lives….
