Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis
Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis Emily E. Jewell Reid W. Draeger INTRODUCTION Flexor tendon sheath infections are a surgical urgency because they can have devastating outcomes such as loss of motion, deformity,…
Paronychial Infections
Paronychial Infections Timothy P. Crowley Susan Stevenson INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy A paronychia is an infection of the soft tissue structures surrounding the proximal and lateral nail plate (perionychium). The proximal nail…
Pulp Space Infections
Pulp Space Infections Omri Ayalon Matthew B. Cantlon INTRODUCTION Definition—Infection contained in the closed and unyielding septal spaces of the distal volar pad of the finger or thumb. Also referred…
Gustilo Classification
Gustilo Classification Tiffany J. Pan John R. Fowler INTRODUCTION Classification system for open fractures proposed by Dr Ramon Gustilo and Dr John Anderson in 19761 Primary study aim was the…
Ulnar Nerve Injuries
Ulnar Nerve Injuries Vishavpreet Singh Ardalan Sayan Alan R. Koester INTRODUCTION Epidemiology Ulnar nerve compression is the second most common upper extremity compressive neuropathy (only secondary to median nerve compression…
Radial Nerve Injuries
Radial Nerve Injuries Lisa M. Kruse Bryan Loeffler INTRODUCTION Anatomy1 Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5-C8 and/or T1) Traverses the triangular interval (teres major, long head…
Median Nerve Injuries
Median Nerve Injuries Sohaib K. Malik Alan R. Koester INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Median nerve derived from medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus contains fibers from all five nerve roots (C5-T1)….
Digital Nerve Injury
Digital Nerve Injury Rachel Michael Roy E. Schneider Margaret Jain INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Nerve layers (from deep to superficial)1 Endoneurium—Connective tissue that surrounds each axon or nerve fiber Perineurium—Strong layer of…
Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair Principles
Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair Principles D. Nicole Deal Patricia A. Drace INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Epineurium1,2,3 Circumferentially organized connective tissue layer in between and around fascicles for nourishment and protection Perineurium…
Jersey Finger
Jersey Finger Nisha J. Crouser Steven R. Niedermeier Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Jersey finger is an injury to the terminal flexor mechanism at the level of the distal interphalangeal (DIP)…
