Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 7.1 Comparing muscle strength in three groups of female college students (swimmers, joggers, and sedentary). From Emslander HC, Sinaki M, Muhs JM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Bryant SC, Riggs…

Fig. 3.1 Cobb measurement (original drawing) A modified method of Cobb measurement is also used (Fig. 3.2) [5]. Thoracic kyphosis is defined as the angle of intersection between the inferior…

Fig. 10.1 Squat on a WBV platform During whole-body vibration, the mechanism of muscle stimulation seems more complicated than the underlying mechanism of the tonic vibration reflex seen by direct…

Fig. 14.1 Hip fracture is an important clinical entity. Schematic presentation © Dionyssiotis 2015 (for detailed explanation see text) Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture A Comprehensive Approach in the Fall Clinics…

Fig. 13.1 Risk factors for a fracture The risk of falling increases with the number of prevalent risk factors and with a history of previous falls. An important point is…

Fig. 2.1 Schematic of sensors, signaling pathways, and responses involved in osteocyte mechanobiology. Much of the current state of knowledge regarding osteocyte mechanobiology is represented in the schematic, although details…

Fig. 11.1 WB-EMS equipment (Miha bodytec, Gersthofen, Germany) From the multitude of possible compositions of the current parameters (impulse type, frequency, duration, width, and rise), we applied a similar protocol…

Fig. 4.1 Myocytes and osteoblasts differentiate from common mesenchymal progenitor cells Osteoblasts arise from an osteo-chondroprogenitor cell that resides in bone marrow and periosteum [35]. The transcription factors, Runx2 and…

Authors, publication, Year, country, setting Study design/Randomization Population characteristics Intervention Outcomes Main conclusions 1. Orthoses for rehabilitation of acute vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis Li et al., 2014, Hongkong, inpatients…