Milomir Ninkovic, Alexander De Heinrich, and Marina Ninkovic Summary A “drop foot” deformity may be due to peroneal nerve injury or muscle damage of the anterior and/or lateral compartments. When…
Geoffrey G. Hallock, Mouchammed Agko, Hung-Chi Chen, S. Raja Sabapathy, Hari Venkatramani, and Madhu Periasamy Summary Some consider a perforator flap to be a variant of a fasciocutaneous flap that…
Matthew Iorio, Stephen Andrew Sems, and Steven L. Moran Summary Bone defects of greater than 5 cm are best managed with vascularized bone flaps. The fibula has remained the most…
Joon Pio Hong Summary Elevation on the superficial fascia (super-thin) is a new approach for elevating flaps. It has advantages such as providing a thin flap allowing increased versatility to…
Pedro C. Cavadas Summary Lower limb vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is not immunologically different from solid organ transplantation; so any recipients will require lifelong immune suppression (IS) to prevent rejection,…
Manas Nigam, Michael V. Defazio, and Karen K. Evans Summary The lower extremity is subject to unique stresses and pathophysiologies that make reconstruction, particularly with free tissue, a challenging but…
Geoffrey G. Hallock, Waleed Gibreel, Karim Bakri, and Samir Mardini Summary Few would argue that the lower extremity might be the most difficult body region to resurface not just due…
Stefan Salminger, Clemens Gstoettner, Agnes Sturma, and Oskar C. Aszmann Summary Targeted muscle reinnervation offers a proven method for the treatment of amputation-related pain in lower limb amputees. It is…
Isao Koshima, Hirofumi Imai, Shuhei Yoshida, Shogo Nagamatsu, Kazunori Yokota, Mitsunobu Harima, Shuji Yamashita, and Haruki Mizuta Summary Physiologic surgical treatment for lymphedema includes lymphovenous anastomosis, lymph node transfers, and…
Joon Pio Hong Summary The ideal reconstruction of sole should lead to optimal functional and aesthetic results, achieving durable coverage for weight bearing, adequate contour for footwear, protective sensation, and…
