Musculoskeletal Key

Casting Richard B. Birrer Physicians who manage fractures need to know how to apply a cast and splint. Plaster does not produce allergies. It is inexpensive in comparison with fiberglass…

Pediatric Fractures Garrick A. Cox Robert L. Kalb HOW TO RECOGNIZE FRACTURES The diagnosis of a fracture in a child may be difficult. Often, radiographs do not show a fracture,…

Fractures Of The Forearm And Distal Radius David V. Lopez Robert L. Kalb The forearm consists of the radius and ulna shafts. Maintaining their anatomic relationship preserves pronation and supination….

Fractures Of The Wrist And Hand Garrick A. Cox Robert L. Kalb FRACTURES OF THE CARPAL BONES Fractures of the radius are often seen in combination with other fractures and…

Elbow Fractures David V. Lopez Robert L. Kalb The elbow consists of articulations of the distal humerus with the ulna and radius. The latter two articulate with each other to…

Humeral Fractures David V. Lopez Robert L. Kalb Shoulder (glenohumeral) dislocations and fractures account for the majority of injuries about the shoulder girdle. The proximal humerus parts are the articular…

Scapular Fractures David V. Lopez Robert L. Kalb Fractures of the scapula represent an uncommon injury. The rib cage, thick soft tissue covering, and its mobility help to explain this….

Clavicular Fractures David V. Lopez Robert L. Kalb The clavicle is one of the most frequently injured bones. Fractures are classified according to their location in the middle, lateral, or…

Foot Fractures Arthur W. Pallotta Robert L. Kalb TALUS FRACTURES During the Second World War, the foot controls of airplane landing gear were mechanical. Sometimes, these controls would snap back…

Ankle Fractures Arthur W. Pallotta Robert L. Kalb The incidence of ankle fractures has dramatically increased since the 1950s and approaches 150 per 100,000 persons. The incidence increases with age,…