Hammer Toe
Abstract Hammer toe deformity is the most common lesser toe condition that consists of lesser toe metatarsophalangeal joint extension, proximal interphalangeal joint flexion, and distal interphalangeal joint extension. They can…
Foot and Ankle Bursitis
Abstract Objective: To educate clinicians regarding foot and ankle bursitis. Methods: Discussion of terminology specific to this subject, physical examination, functional limitations, diagnostic studies, treatment options, potential disease complications, and…
Iliotibial Band Syndrome
Abstract The iliotibial band (ITB) is a dense fascia on the lateral aspect of the knee and hip. Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse injury typically referring to lateral…
Stress Fractures
Abstract Background: Stress fracture is the end result of a continuum of biologic responses to stress placed on bone. Stress fractures are complete or partial bone fractures caused by the…
Chronic Ankle Instability
Abstract Chronic ankle instability is a condition characterized by a constellation of symptoms, typically including pain, weakness, and a feeling that the ankle episodically gives way, that persist after an…
Total Knee Arthroplasty
Abstract During the last half century, total knee arthroplasty has evolved to become a common treatment for different knee maladies. During this time, advancements in preoperative and perioperative care, along…
Shin Splints
Abstract “Shin splints” is best thought of as a clinical syndrome defined in terms of pain and discomfort in the anterior portion of the leg from repetitive activity on hard…
Compartment Syndrome of the Leg
Abstract The focus of this chapter is compartment syndrome of the leg. The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and chronic compartment syndrome are described. The updated use of technologies…
Achilles Tendinopathy
Abstract Achilles tendinopathy exists along a spectrum of peritendinitis to tendinosis or tendinopathy and complete tear. This condition commonly affects middle-aged men who play tennis, basketball, or other quick start-and-stop…
Patellofemoral Syndrome
Abstract Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is one of the most common conditions in sports medicine and is the most common diagnosis of anterior knee pain. PFS is a clinical diagnosis with…
