Heterotopic Ossification
Abstract Heterotopic ossification is a pathologic condition resulting in the formation of bone in soft tissue, typically surrounding the joints. Heterotopic ossification may be genetic, neurogenic, or traumatic. It is…
Peripheral Neuropathies
Abstract Peripheral neuropathies are extremely common disorders and can come in many forms, ranging from single-episode autoimmune conditions, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, to slowly progressive conditions without a clear etiology…
Parkinson Disease
Abstract Parkinson disease (PD) is a slowly progressive disorder resulting in a decline in motor function and, in some individuals, cognitive dysfunction. The most common initial manifestations of PD are…
Neurogenic Bowel
Abstract Normal bowel physiology is a complex system that is under the combined control of intrinsic and extrinsic nervous systems that regulate intestinal mucous secretion, blood flow, and motility. Regardless…
Osteoporosis
Abstract It is estimated that 10 million Americans have osteoporosis and an additional 34 million have decreased bone mass. More than 1.5 million fractures, primarily vertebrae, hip, and forearm, occur…
Neurogenic Bladder
Abstract Normal bladder physiology is a complex system of receptor types and nervous system innervation. Regardless of the specific neurologic condition or injury, disruptions along many portions of the central…
Osteoarthritis
Abstract Once thought to be a degenerative joint condition limited to the degeneration of cartilage, osteoarthritis (OA) is now known to be a complex combination of genetic, metabolic, biomechanical, and…
Neural Tube Defects
Abstract While neural tube defects (NTD) occur in utero, symptoms and complications can develop throughout life. For this reason, it is essential that a person with NTDs is provided with…
Myopathies
Abstract Myopathy refers to diseases derived from the muscle. Myopathies have different causes and may have acute, subacute, or chronic clinical presentations. They are progressive but have different time courses…
Movement Disorders
Abstract This chapter explores the diverse and complex disease states encountered in the central nervous system that result in abnormal human movement. The incidence and occurrence of movement disorders vary…
