Osteochondral Lesions of Talus
KEY FACTS • The natural history of osteochondral lesions of the talus appears to be fairly benign, especially as it relates to the risk of the development of arthritis. ○…
Talus Fractures
KEY FACTS • The talus is the 2nd most commonly fractured tarsal bone (after the calcaneus). • The blood supply of the talus can be tenuous, as there are limited…
Ankle Instability
KEY FACTS Ankle Instability • Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries seen by orthopaedic surgeons. • A variety of pathologies can result from an ankle sprain mechanism. These…
Other Tendon Disorders
KEY FACTS • Tendon pathology is most commonly related to the degenerative process of tendinosis, as is seen in the Achilles and posterior tibial tendons. • While tendonitis is a…
Achilles Tendinosis and Rupture
KEY FACTS Achilles Tendinosis • Achilles tendinosis can be noninsertional or insertional, although it is the same pathology, i.e., degenerative tendinopathy. • Insertional tendinopathy can be associated with a Haglund…
Anatomy and Biomechanics
KEY FACTS • The foot and ankle comprise a complex “machine” consisting of 26 bones and joints working together. The individual parts do not work in isolation. • The ankle…
Lesser Toe Disorders and Metatarsalgia
KEY FACTS • An interdependent system of dynamic, static, and bony restraints is responsible for the maintenance of normal toe alignment and stability. • Given the relatively small size of…
Hallux Valgus
KEY FACTS Hallux Valgus • Hallux valgus is defined principally by the intermetatarsal angle; the distal metatarsal articular angle can also weigh on treatment decisions; the hallux valgus angle is…
Ankle Arthritis
KEY FACTS • The most common etiology of ankle arthritis is posttraumatic. • The ankle bears the highest load per surface area of any joint in the body, yet has…
