While primary angiitis of the central system (PACNS) remains a rare entity, the poor specificity of the available diagnostic tests and its multiple mimics create a major diagnostic challenge. Recently,…
When confronted with a dermatomyositis or polymyositis patient not responding to immunosuppressive treatment, physicians must first ask whether the original diagnosis was correct. In this review, we provide a guide…
Systemic sclerosis has the highest case-specific mortality of any of the auto-immune rheumatic diseases, as well as causing major morbidity. It is a major clinical challenge and one that has…
The term ‘autoinflammatory disease’ encompasses an enlarging group of inflammatory disorders defined as Mendelian genetic diseases of the innate immune system. This group is growing considering the fact that diseases…
Ankylosing spondylitis is characterised by inflammation of the spine and the entheses followed by bone formation. Excessive bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis leads to the formation of bone spurs, such…
Most pregnancies in women with rheumatologic disease will result in the delivery of a healthy baby. Pregnancy can be particularly risky in women with active disease or on teratogenic medications,…
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a challenging condition, but the management of patients with FM is becoming facilitated by new medications that act in what are thought to be some of most…
Advances in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have made it possible to profoundly influence signs and symptoms as well as the course of joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis. Earlier and more…
Despite the increasing success of transplantation, graft recipients experience a high burden of musculoskeletal symptoms that may hinder quality of life. Post-transplant musculoskeletal problems may result from sequelae of the…
There is no agreed definition of osteoporosis in pre-menopausal women. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry recommends using Z -score, and women with Z -scores of −2.0 or lower should…
