Introduction Gregg Ziemke, PT, MS, MHA, OCS Stewart M. Kerr, MD Leslie C. Hair, PT, DSc, OCS, FAAOMPT Charles E. Rainey, PT, DSc, DPT, OCS, SCS, CSCS, FAAOMPT Epidemiology Age • One study reported…

Introduction Bryan C. Heiderscheit, PT, PhD Geoffrey S. Baer, MD, PhD Epidemiology • Femoral neck stress fractures account for approximately 11% of stress fractures in athletes; the incidence of stress fractures in…

Introduction Bruce Charles Twaddle, BHB, MBChB, FRACS Kristian Thorborg, PT, MSportsphty, PhD Introduction The anatomy of the pubic symphysis region makes it a diagnostic challenge because of the confluence of numerous musculoskeletal…

Introduction Diego Herrera, MD Najeeb Khan, MD Donald C. Fithian, MD Christopher M. Powers, PhD, PT Epidemiology • The average annual incidence of primary patellar dislocation is 5.8 per 100,000. This incidence increases to…

Introduction Christopher K. Kepler, MD, MBA Nikolaus S. Hjelm, MD Gursukhmandeep S. Sidhu, MBBS David Gendelberg, MD Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD Epidemiology • Disc degeneration is exceedingly common although only a small percentage of…

Introduction Christopher J. Durall, PT, DPT, MS, SCS, LAT, CSCS Brian K. Allen, DO Epidemiology • Lumbar spine injuries in athletes are relatively common and most of these are thought to be…

Introduction Thomas J. Gill, MD Kaitlin M. Carroll, BS Amee L. Seitz, PT, PhD, DPT, OCS Background • Superior labral tears were originally described by Andrews et al. in 1985 as lesions that involve…

Introduction A. Lee Osterman, MD Abdo Bachoura, MD Sidney M. Jacoby, MD Terri M. Skirven, OTR/L, CHT Jason A. Suda, MOTR/L Epidemiology Age/Sex • Age: Predominantly in young, active individuals involved in contact sports •…

Introduction Nelson S. Saldua, MD Epidemiology • Cervical injuries often occur in contact sports. Approximately 1.4 million athletes play tackle football annually at the high school, collegiate, or professional levels. •…

Introduction Michael Levinson, PT, CSCS David Altchek, MD Anatomy • The elbow is a typical hinge type of joint, and has a normal motion of 0° (extension) to 145° (flexion), although the…