The opinions herein are those of the authors and not the official policy or position of the United States Government, Department of Defense, or Department of the Navy. Introduction James…

Introduction Michael J. Battaglia, MD Epidemiology Age • 20 to 29 Gender • 68% men, 32% women Sport • In general, virtually any sport, especially those involving contact or pivoting. Football,…

Introduction William G. Hamilton, MD, BSE, AAOS, AOA, FACS Marika Molnar, PT, LAc Nadia Sefcovic, DPT, COMT Epidemiology Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendinopathy (dancer’s tendinitis) is common in female ballet dancers who perform…

Introduction Charles Christopher Stroud, MD Erick Fountain, MPT, OMPT Mike Pollzzie, PT, DPT, OMPT, CSCS Epidemiology • Ten percent of the US population presents with heel pain at some point in their lives….

Introduction Timothy S. Mologne, MD Epidemiology • Fractures of the fifth metatarsal are relatively common in athletic individuals. • There is no association with age or sex, but they are more…

Introduction John Apostolakos, BS Mark P. Cote, PT, DPT, MSCTR Knut Beitzel, MA, MD Augustus D. Mazzocca, MS, MD Epidemiology • Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries are considered among the most common orthopedic injuries to…

Introduction Stephen Gould, MD, MPH Kenneth J. Mroczek, MD Epidemiology • The term turf toe first appeared in literature in 1976 as reported by Bowers and Martin to describe plantar capsuloligamentous sprain…

Introduction Jason M. Jennings, MD, DPT Mark E. Easley, MD Epidemiology of Tarsometatarsal Complex Injuries (Lisfranc Complex Injuries) • Tarsometatarsal (TMT) complex injuries are rare and often subtle in athletes both clinically…

Introduction Charles P. Hannon, BS Niall A. Smyth, MD Christopher D. Murawski, BS John G. Kennedy, MD, FRCS Epidemiology • Ankle impingement is one of the more common challenges faced by the orthopedic foot…

Isolated Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries: Introduction William G. Clancy, MD Epidemiology • Frequency: relatively uncommon • Age: under 30 years of age • Sex: predominantly males • Sport: football, wrestling, soccer…