The views and opinions expressed in this chapter are the those of the authors and are not necessarily representative of the official policy or views of the Department of the…

Introduction J. Martin Leland, MD Epidemiology • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are common athletic injuries with over 100,000 reconstruction surgeries performed annually in the United States • ACL ruptures most…

Introduction Robert F. LaPrade, MD, PhD Casey M. Pierce, MD Scott A. Wilkins, DPT, OCS Epidemiology • Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are rare compared with ACL injuries. • Comprise between…

Introduction Jason M. Jennings, MD, DPT Mark E. Easley, MD Epidemiology of Tarsometatarsal Complex Injuries (Lisfranc Complex Injuries) • Tarsometatarsal (TMT) complex injuries are rare and often subtle in athletes both clinically…

Introduction John Apostolakos, BS Mark P. Cote, PT, DPT, MSCTR Knut Beitzel, MA, MD Augustus D. Mazzocca, MS, MD Epidemiology • Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries are considered among the most common orthopedic injuries to…

Introduction Frank R. Noyes, MD Epidemiology • Meniscus tears are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. • Approximately 1 million meniscal surgeries are performed each year, with more…

Introduction Ellen Shanley, PhD, PT, OCS Charles A. Thigpen, PhD, PT, ATC Richard J. Hawkins, MD Epidemiology Overall Incidence • Estimates of the initial incidence of anterior glenohumeral instability in the general population…

Introduction Nathan A. Mall, MD Bryan M. Saltzman, MD Andrew S. Lee, MD Brian J. Cole, MD, MBA Epidemiology Age • Approximately 4% to 5% of the general population is thought to have focal,…

Introduction Timothy S. Mologne, MD Kari Sturtevant, DPT Epidemiology • Leg pain is a common complaint in athletes. • There is no disparity between men and women, except stress fractures are more…

Introduction Michael J. Battaglia, MD Epidemiology Age • 20 to 29 Gender • 68% men, 32% women Sport • In general, virtually any sport, especially those involving contact or pivoting. Football,…