Compartment Syndrome
Compartment Syndrome General Information An acute compartment syndrome occurs when the interstitial tissue pressure rises above the tissue perfusion pressure and causes a cycle of increasing edema and cellular necrosis….
ORTHOPEDIC
Dermatologic Disorders
Dermatologic Disorders General Examination Examination of the skin is an extremely important part of the evaluation of the upper extremity. The clinician should note the overall appearance, texture, and color,…
Vascular Disorders
Vascular Disorders Evaluation Many patients with vascular disorders complain of pain and color changes of the hand. Pallor and coolness indicate loss of inflow, whereas redness and cyanosis indicate loss…
Arterial Injuries
Arterial Injuries General Information Significant redundancy exists in the vascular supply to the upper extremity. The brachial artery has radial and ulnar collateral vessels at the elbow. The radial and…
Nerve Injuries
Nerve Injuries General Information The median, ulnar, and radial nerves are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus and supply motor, sensory, and sympathetic function to the hand (Appendix 4,…
Flexor Tendon Injuries
Flexor Tendon Injuries General Information Lacerations to the palmar surface of the digit and hand are frequently complicated by injury to the flexor tendons. In general, tendon injuries are classified…
Extensor Tendon Injuries
Extensor Tendon Injuries General Information Tendon Laceration The extensor tendons are divided into eight zones (Fig. 1). Odd-numbered zones are on the joints and even zones are between the joints….
Fractures and Dislocations of the Metacarpals and Phalanges
Fractures and Dislocations of the Metacarpals and Phalanges General Information Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures are common skeletal injuries that are classified by the pattern of the fracture and the condition…
Soft-Tissue Injuries and Lacerations
Soft-Tissue Injuries and Lacerations General Information Soft-tissue wounds to the hand are common. These injuries vary from simple, clean, sharp superficial lacerations to deep, severely contaminated crush injuries. Use of…
Carpal Metacarpal Fractures and Dislocations
Carpal Metacarpal Fractures and Dislocations Thumb Injuries to the carpometacarpal (CMC) region of the thumb include CMC dislocations, simple fracture dislocations (Bennett’s fracture), comminuted intraarticular fracture dislocations (Rolando’s fracture), and…
