The Epidemiology and Etiology of Perthes Disease
The incidence of Perthes disease varies markedly both between countries and within countries down to a local level. The disease is more common in white than in Asian or black…
ORTHOPEDIC
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Charles T. Price, MD, Guest Editor Benjamin Joseph, MS Orth, MCh Orth, Guest Editor A hundred years after the description of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, the aetiology remains elusive and a great…
Gene Therapy for Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Intervertebral disk degeneration is a common and potentially debilitating disease process affecting millions of Americans and other populations each year. Current treatments address resultant symptoms and not the underlying pathophysiology…
Emerging Technologies for Molecular Therapy for Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Intervertebral disks are biologically regulated by the maintenance of a balance between the anabolic and catabolic activities of disk cells. Therapeutic agents, initially evaluated using in vitro studies on disk…
Diagnostic Tools and Imaging Methods in Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Low back pain has a negative impact on the economy and society. Intervertebral disk degeneration is linked to the occurrence of low back pain. MRI provides three-dimensional morphologic and biochemical…
Tissue Engineering for Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Many challenges confront intervertebral disk engineering owing to complexity and the presence of extraordinary stresses. Rebuilding a disk of native function could be useful for removal of the symptoms and…
Stem Cell Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disk
The use of stem cell applications has been explored and aimed at regenerating the intervertebral disk. The microenvironment in which cells of the intervertebral disk reside is harsh; however, researchers…
Prosthetic Total Disk Replacement—Can We Learn from Total Hip Replacement?
Total lumbar disk replacement has become a routine procedure in many countries. However, discussions regarding its use are ongoing. Issues focus on patient selection, technical limitations, and avoidance or management…
Management of Degenerative Disk Disease and Chronic Low Back Pain
Degenerative disk disease is a strong etiologic risk factor of chronic low back pain (LBP). A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is often warranted. Patient education, medication, and cognitive behavioral therapies…
Adjacent Level Disk Disease—Is it Really a Fusion Disease?
Adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) is a relatively common phenomenon after spinal fusion surgery. Whether ASD is a consequence of the previous fusion or an individual’s predisposition to continued degeneration remains…
