Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge Mike Bednar, MD, who authored the previous edition of this chapter. We would also like to acknowledge Scott Oishi, MD, Brian O’Doherty, MD,…

Any child with congenital joint contractures in two or more limbs can be classified as having arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) ; the term does not specify any certain cause for…

Acknowledgments: The author wishes to recognize the work of previous authors, Drs. Robert Leffert, Vincent R. Hentz, and Michelle James, for their contributions to Green’s Operative Hand Surgery and this…

The annual incidence of spinal cord injury is approximately 12,000 new cases each year in the United States. The patient’s age at the time of injury has increased over time;…

Congenital anomalies affect 1 to 3% of newborns, and approximately 10% of these children have upper extremity abnormalities. The incidence of congenital anomalies has not changed appreciably over the last…

Although the decision to operate on a nerve is usually straightforward, as in the case of an open wound or when the injury is associated with unstable orthopedic trauma or…

Acknowledgment: This chapter is based on the chapters in previous editions of Green’s Operative Hand Surgery , which were written by George Anderson, William Burkhalter, David Green, John Ingari, and…

Anatomy and Clinical Examination Skin is made up of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers ( Figure 58.1 ). The epidermis possesses the following appendages: • Eccrine glands • Apocrine…

Hands are involved in more than 80% of all severe burns. Each hand represents less than 3% of the total body surface area, but nonetheless, the American Burn Association categorizes…

Acknowledgment: I would like to thank Dr. Avrum Froimson for his superb and comprehensive chapter “Tenosynovitis” that appeared in several previous editions of this book and constituted the framework from…