Abstract Multidirectional shoulder instability is defined as symptomatic instability of the glenohumeral joint, usually associated with joint capsule laxity. Repetitive microtrauma or congenital hyperlaxity can contribute to the development of…
Abstract The identification and proper management of fracture is a critical component of musculoskeletal care. This chapter provides an overview on fracture management, summarizing the basic principles of physical exam,…
Abstract Chronic pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or potential damage to tissue, lasting longer than 3 months. An increasingly common clinical diagnosis,…
Abstract Posterior shoulder instability describes a variety of conditions ranging from acute traumatic dislocation to chronic subluxation. It accounts for up to 5% of all dislocations. Potential causes include repetitive…
Abstract Shoulder problems account for a significant percentage of musculoskeletal disorders that present to the primary care provider. The anatomy of the shoulder is complex, and its extreme range of…
Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a regional neuropathic pain syndrome that usually develops within a few weeks after limb trauma or surgery. CRPS presents with symptoms and exam…
Abstract Shoulder instability is a common problem that involves excessive translation of the humerus over the glenoid surface, which is normally prevented by both static and dynamic stabilizers. Significant trauma…
Abstract Chronic pain is becoming more prevalent in our aging population. It can be difficult to treat, and often the goal is to manage pain to allow function. Conventional therapies…
Abstract Compartment syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening pathology that requires high suspicion. Although there are limited objective measurements, this remains a clinical diagnosis. Traditionally the 6 “Ps” (pain,…
