Multiple Trauma
In 2007, the National Center for Health Statistics noted there were 182,479 injury-related deaths. Unintentional injuries ranked as the fifth most common cause of death. The leading causes of death…
ORTHOPEDIC
Analgesia, Conscious Sedation, Regional Blocks, and Anesthesia
Musculoskeletal injuries and diseases can be extremely painful, and a compassionate and thoughtful approach is required to provide adequate pain and anxiety relief. Depending on the patient’s underlying illness and…
Perioperative Assessment
A preoperative evaluation is a comprehensive review of a patient. It is done to determine a patient’s stability for surgery and how to optimize existing medical conditions for the proposed…
General Principles of Initial Care
Orthopedic injuries are common presentations to the emergency department. Most injuries are traumatic in nature, resulting in pain and deformity. Emergency medicine physicians need to be able to recognize the…
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
Abstract Adhesive capsulitis, or frozen shoulder, is a common orthopaedic disorder characterized by shoulder pain followed by progressive loss of both active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the…
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Abstract Shoulder impingement is a common source of gradual-onset shoulder pain, accounting for 44-65% of shoulder pain cases. It is mainly caused by repetitive overhead activities, osteophyte formation, or weakness…
Biceps Tendon Injury
Abstract Proximal bicep tendon injuries are seen in active individuals, especially overhead athletes. Injuries to the proximal long head biceps tendon range from overuse (tendinitis) to complete rupture. Physical exam…
The Overhead-Throwing Athlete
Abstract There are many sports that involve overhead throwing, such as baseball, softball, cricket, football, soccer, water polo, javelin throw, as well as many others. Throwing is a complex motion…
Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System
Abstract Diagnostic imaging plays a central role in the evaluation of most types of orthopaedic conditions. Radiography has been a mainstay in orthopaedics since its inception, and advanced imaging modalities…
