Open Proximal Trochleoplasty (Grooveplasty) Betina B. Hinckel Andreas H. Gomoll Elizabeth A. Arendt INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Lateral patellar dislocation is an important cause of knee injuries with associated hemarthrosis, especially in…
Thin Flap Trochleoplasty Manfred Nelitz INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Trochlear dysplasia is known to be a major risk factor for patellofemoral instability.1,2,3,4 Dejour et al5 found that 96% of patients with a…
Osteochondral Fracture and Patellar Instability Eric J. Wall Shital N. Parikh INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis An osteochondral injury can occur in up to 71% to 93% of patients during an acute patellar…
Sulcus-Deepening (Lyon) Trochleoplasty Marco Valoroso Giuseppe La Barbera Guillaume Demey David Dejour INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis The patellofemoral (PF) joint has a low degree of congruency by nature; therefore, it is more…
Arthroscopic Trochleoplasty Lars Blønd INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Biomechanics have demonstrated that trochlear dysplasia significantly affects the kinematics of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and negatively influences the stabilizing forces of the patella.1,2…
Lateral Retinacular Release and Lengthening Elliot Sappey-Marinier Nathan White Elvire Servien INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Lateral retinaculum is an important stabilizer of patella, and the role of lateral retinacular release (LRR) for…
Lateral-Facet Elevating Trochleoplasty Simon Donell Iain McNamara INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Trochlear dysplasia is a known risk factor for patellar instability. Lateral elevation trochleoplasty was first described by Albee in 1919.1 He…
Tibial Tubercle Distalization Scott Smith David C. Flanigan Robert A. Magnussen INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Recurrent patellar instability predominately affects young, active people and has been attributed to a combination of patient…
Lateral-Facet Lengthening Trochleoplasty Roland M. Biedert INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Normal patellofemoral stability is guaranteed by the complex interaction of skeletal geometry, soft tissues, and neuromuscular control.1 The shape of the femoral…
Tibial Tuberosity Anteromedialization Osteotomy William R. Beach INTRODUCTION John Fulkerson, MD, described the anteromedialization (AMZ) of the tibial tuberosity in 1983.1 His landmark work blended two well-known procedures that had…
