Key Points • Adhesive capsulitis occurs due to thickening and fibrosis of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL), glenohumeral ligament, rotator interval (RI), and axillary joint recess. • The condition is more…
Key Points • A subset of tendinopathy appears to become chronic and nonresponsive to conservative treatments such as activity modification and exercise-based rehabilitation. • Ultrasound-guided needle tenotomy is a simple…
Key Points • Calcific tendonitis, or more appropriately tendinosis, of the rotator cuff is a relatively common cause of shoulder pain. Calcifications are usually self-limiting but can also be recurrent,…
Ultrasound Guided Intra-Articular Key Points • The superolateral approach is preferred for intra-articular knee injections, especially when an effusion is present , Pertinent Anatomy • The knee joint is an…
Key Points • The thoracic spine is a common source of mid-back pain and is frequently overlooked despite it having the greatest number of levels and the greatest diversity between…
Joint Injections Tibiotalar Joint Injection Key Points • Use of a high-frequency small footprint linear ultrasound transducer, like the “hockey stick,” is recommended for all ankle region and joint injections….
Introduction Botulinum toxin (BTX) is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum as a complex of proteins containing neurotoxin and various non-toxic proteins. There are seven immunologically distinct serotypes of the…
Introduction Sclerotherapy is the process of injecting a proinflammatory agent into an enlarged potential space (e.g., bursa, Morel-Lavallee lesion, tendon sheath) with the goal of alleviating pain, restoring function, and…
Key Points • Dextrose prolotherapy has level B strength of recommendation for chronic pain in eight areas based on a growing number of RCTs and meta-analyses. • Dextrose, when used…
Introduction Allograft tissues are obtained from a donor source and transplanted into a different recipient or host, while autologous tissues are obtained and redirected into the same individual. Allograft tissue…
