Introduction Chondral injuries are becoming an increasingly recognized cause of pain and disability in the knee. , When patients with focal symptomatic chondral defects fail nonoperative management, surgical intervention is…

Introduction Multiligament injuries can pose challenging scenarios in terms of treatment protocols because of the complex nature of the injury mechanisms and potential complications that may occur. A knee dislocation…

Introduction The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the most frequently injured ligaments of the knee. Earlier studies tended to focus primarily on injury to the MCL; however, recent…

Introduction Research regarding the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee has significantly improved our understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics it encompasses, yielding vital information regarding the three major stabilizing…

Introduction Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are most commonly encountered in the setting of multiligamentous knee injuries. Isolated injuries of the PCL are relatively less common by comparison. A prospective…

Introduction Although once thought to be uncommon, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are increasingly recognized in the pediatric and adolescent athletic population. In total, 12% to 36% of children and…

Introduction The all-epiphyseal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction techniques are efficacious alternatives to traditional ACL reconstruction (ACLR) techniques in skeletally immature patients. Current trends in pediatric orthopedics show the growing…

Introduction The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in skeletally immature patients increases continuously. This increase is partially because of the developed awareness of the condition and seeking of…

Introduction With approximately 200,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears per year, primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most common orthopedic procedures performed, and accounts for $1…