Background The shoulder comprises three distinct and complex articulations consisting of the glenohumeral joint, the scapulothoracic joints, and the acromioclavicular joint. Under normal physiologic conditions, there exists an equilibrium between…
The shoulder provides one of the largest ranges of motion of all the joints in the musculoskeletal system. This is due partly to the morphology of the glenohumeral joint (the…
Musculoskeletal tumors represent approximately 10% of all orthopedic diagnoses and present potential clinical challenges because of their varying presentations and biologic behavior. They may come noted clinically either through incidental…
ABOUT THE EXPERT Stephen Burkhart, MD, recently retired as President of The San Antonio Orthopaedic Group and is currently Chairman of the Board of BRIO (Burkhart Research Institute for Orthopaedics)….
Introduction and terminology Shoulder stiffness was first described as a clinical entity in the late 19th century by both Duplay in France and Putnam in the United States. It was…
ABOUT THE EXPERTS Pascal Boileau, MD, is Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chairman of the Institute for Locomotion & Sports, and former Vice-Dean at Nice Medical University in France. He did…
Introduction The past few decades have seen a rapid shift in our understanding of the anatomy and pathology of the biceps and superior labrum. Today’s clinical and basic science literature…
Pectoralis major tendon tears Anatomy The pectoralis major (PM) arises in a broad triangular sheet as primarily two distinct heads, an upper clavicular head and a lower sternocostal head, that…
Throwing exerts great stress on the shoulder. As a result, the shoulder is a common site of pathology and disability in these athletes. Conte et al. reported that shoulder injuries…
The shoulder is a common site of injury in athletes who compete in contact sports and sports that require repetitive overhead motions. For example, collision athletes are prone to sudden…
