Pectoralis major tendon tears Anatomy The pectoralis major (PM) arises in a broad triangular sheet as primarily two distinct heads, an upper clavicular head and a lower sternocostal head, that…
Throwing exerts great stress on the shoulder. As a result, the shoulder is a common site of pathology and disability in these athletes. Conte et al. reported that shoulder injuries…
The shoulder is a common site of injury in athletes who compete in contact sports and sports that require repetitive overhead motions. For example, collision athletes are prone to sudden…
ABOUT THE EXPERT Christian Gerber, MD, is Professor and Chairman Emeritus of Orthopaedics at the University of Zürich, Switzerland. He was educated in Switzerland and France and did a shoulder…
Radiographic evaluation of the shoulder requires a minimum of two views of the area that are perpendicular to each other. The shoulder is a complicated anatomic unit made up of…
From the first days in medical school, physicians are taught that establishing a correct diagnosis depends on obtaining a meaningful and detailed medical history from the patient. This requires the…
We are faced with a paradox in shoulder anatomy. Knowledge regarding the details of shoulder anatomy has increased along with knowledge regarding its clinical significance. However, our exposure is decreasing….
As our human ancestors evolved to become bipedal, the scapulohumeral complex evolved to comply with the specific demands that arise from an orthograde posture and to facilitate prehension. The inherent…
Hip Disorders Matthew D. Milewski Pablo Castañeda • Introduction Many different conditions can affect the hip of the growing child; some occur in childhood and some can be detected at…
Leg Disorders Ryan D. Muchow Vishwas R. Talwalkar • Introduction to Leg Deformities Children present with abnormal appearing lower extremities due to a variety of etiologies (Table 13.1) and at…
