A literature review of clinical and translational studies was performed to provide an overview of current concepts on regenerative treatments for spinal conditions, including platelet rich plasma and stem cell…
α 2 -Macroglobulin (A2M) is a plasma glycoprotein best known for its ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of serine, threonine, and metalloproteases as well as inflammatory cytokines by a…
“Although there is ample evidence that beneficial results can be obtained from the use of mesenchymal stem cells, several questions regarding their use remain to be answered. For many of…
Tendon and ligament injuries and degenerative conditions of these soft tissues have poor healing potential and healing is often incomplete. Biocellular and orthobiologic approaches including PRP and stem cell therapies…
Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is increasingly being used to harvest stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. The focus of BMA in interventional orthopedics is to maximize the yield of…
Autologous conditioned serum was developed in the mid 1990s as an expeditious, practical, and relatively inexpensive means of generating the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, a naturally occurring inhibitor of the cytokine…
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a growing and robust therapeutic option in musculoskeletal medicine. PRP is a preparation of autologous plasma enriched with a platelet concentration above that normally contained in…
Prolotherapy involves the injection of nonbiologic solutions, typically at soft tissue attachments and within joint spaces, to reduce pain and improve function in painful musculoskeletal conditions. A variety of solutions…
Healing is a complex process of orchestrated reactions and interactions with the goal of restoring structure and physical properties to damaged tissues. The musculoskeletal system is composed of different types…
Santos F. Martinez, MD, MS, Editor The growth in regenerative medical efforts to enhance one’s natural reserves to facilitate healing and resolution of musculoskeletal conditions is appealing and thought provoking….
