Key Points • A subset of tendinopathy appears to become chronic and nonresponsive to conservative treatments such as activity modification and exercise-based rehabilitation. • Ultrasound-guided needle tenotomy is a simple…
Key Points • Dextrose prolotherapy has level B strength of recommendation for chronic pain in eight areas based on a growing number of RCTs and meta-analyses. • Dextrose, when used…
Introduction Ultrasound guidance can be applied to assist in a multitude of interventional orthopedic procedures. This chapter provides a review of ultrasound physics, image optimization, common artifacts, and fundamentals of…
Introduction Regenerative medicine has become an increasingly popular field of interest over the last several decades. Its potential application for treating various disease pathologies is promising and much research is…
Introduction Botulinum toxin (BTX) is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum as a complex of proteins containing neurotoxin and various non-toxic proteins. There are seven immunologically distinct serotypes of the…
Introduction Allograft tissues are obtained from a donor source and transplanted into a different recipient or host, while autologous tissues are obtained and redirected into the same individual. Allograft tissue…
Introduction Sclerotherapy is the process of injecting a proinflammatory agent into an enlarged potential space (e.g., bursa, Morel-Lavallee lesion, tendon sheath) with the goal of alleviating pain, restoring function, and…
Introduction Whole Blood and Platelets Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was first used in cardiac surgery by Ferrari and colleagues in 1987 as an autologous blood transfusion after open heart procedures to…
Introduction The delivery of cell- and non-cell-based therapies can generally be classified as either autologous or allogenic. Autologous treatments involve a procedure in which the patient’s own tissues are collected…
Musculoskeletal injections are common procedures across various medical specialties. The evidence for musculoskeletal injections is varied and is complicated by differing injection techniques, injectates, and landmark versus image guidance. When…
