Female Athlete and Sports-Related Concussions
Female athletes are participating in collision sports in greater numbers than previously. The overall incidence of concussion is known to be higher in female athletes than in male athletes participating…
Medical Therapies for Concussion
The medications used in postconcussion syndrome are typically used to help manage or minimize disruptive symptoms while recovery proceeds. These medications are not routinely used in most concussions that recover…
Neuroimaging in Sports-Related Concussion
Mild traumatic brain injuries, or concussions, often result in transient brain abnormalities not readily detected by conventional imaging methods. Several advanced imaging studies have been evaluated in the past couple…
Rehabilitation of Sport-Related Concussion
This article provides a summary of clinical assessment methods and nonpharmacologic rehabilitation techniques used for concussed patients. It describes concussion-relevant physical examination methods to identify underlying symptom generators. This approach…
Neuropsychological Assessment of Sport-Related Concussion
Neuropsychological assessment is a key component in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC). Currently computerized tests are the most commonly used modality of neurocognitive testing and…
Outpatient Management of Sport-Related Concussion, Return to Learn, Return to Play
Outpatient sports-related concussion (SRC) management continues to evolve as evidence emerges supporting a multidisciplinary approach to the clinical assessment of SRC. Early active rehabilitation has replaced strict cognitive and physical…
Diagnosis and Sideline Management of Sport-Related Concussion
The diagnosis of sport-related concussion is still based primarily on history and physical examination. Use of a standardized history and examination form is recommended. There have been many tests investigated,…
The Molecular Pathophysiology of Concussion
After a concussion, a series of complex, overlapping, and disruptive events occur within the brain, leading to symptoms and behavioral dysfunction. These events include ionic shifts, damaged neuronal architecture, higher…
Biomechanics of Sport-Related Neurological Injury
As awareness on the short-term and long-term consequences of sports-related concussions and repetitive head impacts continues to grow, so too does the necessity to establish biomechanical measures of risk that…
Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion
Sport-related concussions are common in the United States. Concussion rates have increased over time, likely due to improved recognition and awareness. Concussion rates vary across level (high school vs college),…
