Walter Klyce and Paul D. Sponseller Summary Halo traction can be a powerful preoperative, perioperative, or intraoperative tool to aid in the correction of scoliotic curves. Pre- or perioperative…
Alvin H. Crawford, Patrick J. Cahill, and Jason B. Anari Summary The clinical and radiographic evaluation of the pediatric patient with spinal deformity starts with a thorough history to…
René M. Castelein and Jack C. Y. Cheng Summary Despite many years of dedicated research into the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, not one single cause for this classic…
Kevin Wang, Michael G. Vitale, Elle MacAlpine, and John M. “Jack” Flynn Summary The aviation and sports industries have demonstrated the value of dedicated, experienced teams to improve the…
T. Barrett Sullivan and Peter O. Newton Summary Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has long been understood as a three-dimensional (3D) deformity. Two-dimensional (2D) imaging techniques have historically been limited…
Joseph M. Lombardi and Lawrence G. Lenke Summary This chapter serves to educate the reader on the historical evolution, modern-day systems, and future applications of classification systems for the…
Carl-Eric Aubin and David W. Polly, Jr. Summary Scoliosis was classically seen as only a coronal plane deformity, but we now know this deformity is much more complex and…
Michael G. Vitale and Benjamin Roye Summary Although the nonsurgical management of scoliosis has a history that extends back hundreds, if not thousands, of years, the interest and evidence…
Kenny Kwan and Kenneth M.C. Cheung Summary The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has come from epidemiological and school screening studies. This chapter explores the benefits and limitations…
Dainn Woo, Thomas J. Errico, and Harry L. Shufflebarger Summary The history of scoliosis treatment can be traced to antiquity but has seen rapid development over the past 100…
