Introduction The correct placement of the femoral tunnel is very essential for the success of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The transtibial drilling of the femoral tunnel has been…
Introduction Drilling the femoral tunnel via the tibial tunnel (transtibial tunnel drilling or TTTD) has been the standard technique since the early days of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and…
Abstract This chapter summarizes the most important results of studies comparing single- and double-bundle reconstruction. Both in terms of rotatory laxity and AP laxity all significant objective findings except two…
Abstract Still a lot of controversies and unsolved problems are in the focus for reaching an optimal treatment of the ruptured Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Historically there has been a long…
Introduction The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of the anteromedial bundle (AMB) and the posterolateral bundle (PLB), each with a different function. The author reported the first practical double-bundle…
Abstract Performing an anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using a three-portal surgical technique reconstruction ensures that an adequate length femoral tunnel and optimal visualization of the ACL femoral and…
Abstract A graft from the central quadriceps tendon for ACL reconstruction is easily obtained, causes minimal morbidity and has a track record of excellent results. Graft sizes of 10-12 mm…
Introduction A variety of fixation devices are used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring tendon grafts. These devices increase costs and can present artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging…
Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has evolved significantly in the past 30 years and I have practiced sports medicine throughout the majority of this evolution. Learning many lessons along…
Abstract The semitendinosus (ST) and gracillis (Gr) tendons are commonly used as a replacement graft during the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. There are many advantages of using the hamstrings…
