Imaging of Inflammatory Arthritis in Children
The hallmark of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is synovial inflammation, and the goal of treatment is to suppress inflammation to prevent cartilage damage and bone erosions. Ultrasound and MRI are widely…
Imaging of Inflammatory Arthritis in Adults
The term inflammatory arthritis encompasses a variety of conditions featuring synovial inflammation as a defining characteristic, with resultant local tissue damage occurring over time. These arthritides often share overlapping clinical…
Imaging: Enhanced Evaluation of Children and Adults with Rheumatic Disease
Pamela F. Weiss, MD, MSCE, Editor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of radiographs in 1895. The initial use of ultrasound for medical…
Hepatitis B Reactivation in Rheumatic Diseases
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBVr) has been an increasingly recognized and appreciated risk of immunosuppressive therapies in rheumatic patients. Despite its potential for significant morbidity and mortality, HBVr is…
Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Rheumatic Diseases
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with liver and extrahepatic complications, including B-cell lymphoma, cardiovascular and kidney diseases, glucose metabolism impairment and rheumatic conditions ie, arthralgia, myalgia, cryoglobulinemia…
Incidence and Prevention of Herpes Zoster Reactivation in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases
Herpes zoster is the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus usually occurring decades after initial exposure, and manifesting as a painful vesicular rash occurring along one or more dermatomes. Zoster…
The Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in the Biologic Era
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, typically fatal, demyelinating central nervous system infection caused by reactivation of the John Cunningham virus that generally occurs in immunosuppressed patients. With an…
Malignancy and Janus Kinase Inhibition
The use of biologics such as anti–tumor necrosis factor and oral Janus kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The risk of malignancies such as lymphomas, lung…
Immune-Related Adverse Effects of Cancer Immunotherapy— Implications for Rheumatology
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly studied and used as therapy for a growing number of malignancies. ICIs work by blocking inhibitory pathways of T-cell activation, leading to an immune…
