Vitamin D is obtained from cutaneous production when 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) by ultraviolet B radiation or by oral intake of vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) and…
Osteomalacia is an end-stage bone disease of chronic and severe vitamin D or phosphate depletion of any cause. Its importance has increased because of the rising incidence of vitamin D…
The mother is the major source of circulating 25-OHD concentrations in the young infant. Thus maternal vitamin D status is an important factor in determining the vitamin D status of…
The unique cis -triene structure of vitamin D and related metabolites makes it susceptible to oxidation, ultraviolet (UV) light-induced conformational changes, heat-induced conformational changes, and attacks by free radicals. Vitamin…
The actions of the vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that functions to…
The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , affects mineral homeostasis and has numerous other diverse physiologic functions including effects on growth of cancer cells and…
This article draws conclusions about pinpointing the actual onset of disease and when interventions should start to occur. The identification of necessary biomarkers will be discussed. We will also examine…
Multiple environmental factors including hormones, dietary factors, infections, and exposure to tobacco smoke, as well as gene-environment interactions, have been associated with increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The growing…
Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory musculoskeletal disease associated with psoriasis that is usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor. Psoriatic arthritis affects men and women equally, usually during the fourth decade, although…
Early juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is important to recognize as timely diagnosis and treatment improves prognosis. It is a misconception that complications of JIA arise only from long-standing disease and…
